Opal

Real mineral · rare · SiO₂·nH₂O

Amorphous silica containing up to 20% water. Its play of colour results from diffraction of light through a regular array of silica spheres. Formed by percolation of silica-rich groundwater through sedimentary cavities.

Identity

Formula
SiO₂·nH₂O
Chemical class
silicate
Also known as
Precious opal, Fire opal, Black opal

Crystallography

Crystal system
amorphous
Habits
massive, nodular, botryoidal
Fracture
conchoidal

Physical properties

Mohs hardness
6
Density
2.1 g/cm³
Luster
vitreous, waxy, resinous
Colors
white, colorless, black, orange, red, yellow, blue, green
Streak
white
Transparency
transparent, translucent, opaque

Geology

Origins
sedimentary, hydrothermal
Host rocks
sandstone, basalt, ironstone
Associated minerals
Chalcedony, Quartz, Calcite
Geography
Australia, Ethiopia, Mexico, Brazil, USA

Classification

Rarity
rare
Gem quality
Yes

Arcane properties

Affinity
arcane, illusion
Effects
illusion, scrying
Planar origin
Material Plane

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