Clans and chiefdoms: who holds the land, and what it does to a city
Little surplus taken: kin and chief share it out. The Sahel, Polynesia, ancient Germany and Gaul. 5% of the people do not farm; lords, tithes and taxes take about 10% of the harvest. Under it, the largest town a temperate forest on a river feeds within a day has about 2,200 people, against 19,000 under great slave estates and 6,600 under free farmers under a tax.
A city of 20,000 on a river, in a temperate forest
| Regime | Do not farm | Taken from the harvest | Largest town within a day | Countryside of a city of 20,000 | Scholars |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clans and chiefdoms | 5% | 10% | 2,200 | 23,000 km², 3.5 days | 40 |
| Free farmers under a tax | 10% | 20% | 6,600 | 7,600 km², 2 days | 160 |
| Lords and tribute | 15% | 33% | 11,000 | 4,500 km², 1.5 days | 80 |
| Sharecropping | 18% | 45% | 14,000 | 3,500 km², 1.5 days | 80 |
| Great slave estates | 22% | 50% | 19,000 | 2,700 km², 1.5 days | 100 |
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