{"success":true,"data":[{"kind":"mineral","id":"quartz","name":"Quartz","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/quartz","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/quartz","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Quartz","synonyms":["Rock crystal (colourless variety)","Kristallos (ancient Greek)"],"formula":"SiO₂","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"quartz_group","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"trigonal","symmetryClass":"trapezohedral","habits":["prismatic","massive","drusy"],"twinning":["dauphiné","brazil","japanese"],"fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":7,"density":2.65,"luster":["vitreous"],"colors":["colorless","white","purple","pink","yellow","brown","black"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent","opaque"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"specialEffects":["asterism","chatoyancy"]},"sensory":{"piezoelectric":true},"geological":{"origins":["hydrothermal","metamorphic","sedimentary","igneous"],"hostRocks":["granite","schist","sandstone"],"associatedMinerals":["feldspar","mica","calcite","fluorite","chlorite","epidote"],"geography":["worldwide"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"One of the most abundant minerals in Earth's crust. 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It breaks with a conchoidal fracture whose edges are sharp enough to cut flesh. Used for blades and tools for thousands of years."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["shadow","death"],"powerLevel":"moderate","effects":["warding","necromancy"]},"rock":{"group":"igneous_volcanic","family":"volcanic","essential":["volcanic_glass"],"accessory":[],"texture":["glassy"],"formation":"Silica-rich lava, usually rhyolitic, cools too fast for crystals to grow.","uses":"Blades and tools since prehistory; obsidian scalpels have been tried in surgery.","landforms":[]},"sources":["mindat:obsidian","gemdat:obsidian","wikipedia:rhyolite","bgs:rcs-igneous"],"provisional":{"settle":"Mindat's obsidian page (read 2026-10-01) has no locality list: it confirms only Glass Buttes, Oregon (photo) and Sierra de las Navajas, Mexico (cited study), plus Lipari, Italy. 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Its concentric green bands record its growth, layer upon layer. 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Its metallic yellow surface mimics gold closely enough to deceive prospectors for centuries. In damp air it breaks down into iron sulfates and sulfuric acid, which can destroy specimens in a collection."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:pyrite","handbook:pyrite"],"provisional":{"settle":"Mindat's full pyrite page (read 2026-10-01) gives no odour: it says only that pyrite sparks when struck and gives off a sulfur sublimate when heated in a closed tube. 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Dissolves slowly in acidic water, forming cave systems over geological time."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:calcite","handbook:calcite"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"fluorite","name":"Fluorite","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/fluorite","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/fluorite","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Fluorite","synonyms":["Fluorspar","Blue John (banded variety)"],"formula":"CaF₂","chemicalClass":"halide","mineralGroup":"fluorite_group","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"cubic","symmetryClass":"hexoctahedral","habits":["cubic","octahedral","massive"],"twinning":["penetration twins"],"cleavage":"perfect octahedral","fracture":"subconchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":4,"density":3.18,"luster":["vitreous"],"colors":["purple","blue","green","yellow","colorless","pink","brown","black"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"fluorescence":{"longwave":"often blue (europium); also violet, green, yellow or red"},"phosphorescence":true,"solubility":"slightly soluble in water"},"geological":{"origins":["hydrothermal","igneous","sedimentary"],"hostRocks":["limestone","granite","dolomite"],"associatedMinerals":["quartz","calcite","barite","galena"],"geography":["China","Mexico","Spain","UK","Germany","USA"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"Calcium fluoride that crystallises in sharp cubes and octahedra. Occurs in a wide spectrum of colours due to trace element impurities and radiation exposure. The physicist George Stokes coined the word fluorescence from fluor-spar in 1852."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["arcane","mind"],"powerLevel":"minor","effects":["mind","warding"]},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:fluorite","handbook:fluorite","stokes-1852"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"garnet","name":"Garnet","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/garnet","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/garnet","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Garnet","synonyms":["Hessonite (variety of grossular)","Tsavorite (variety of grossular)","Demantoid (variety of andradite)"],"formula":"X₃Y₂(SiO₄)₃","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"garnet_group","nature":"group","members":["pyrope","almandine","spessartine","grossular","andradite","uvarovite"]},"crystallography":{"system":"cubic","symmetryClass":"hexoctahedral","habits":["dodecahedral","trapezohedral","granular","massive"],"cleavage":"none","fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":7,"density":3.9,"luster":["vitreous","resinous"],"colors":["red","garnet-red","orange","yellow","green","brown","black"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"specialEffects":["color change (alexandrite-like in some varieties)"]},"geological":{"origins":["metamorphic","igneous"],"hostRocks":["schist","gneiss","granite","kimberlite"],"associatedMinerals":["quartz","feldspar","mica","kyanite"],"geography":["India","Brazil","USA","Czech Republic","Sri Lanka"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"A silicate mineral group spanning a wide range of compositions and colours. Forms primarily in metamorphic rocks under moderate to high pressure. 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Its vivid blue slowly converts to malachite when exposed to water over time. Often found alongside malachite in banded formations."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["water","arcane"],"powerLevel":"minor","effects":["scrying"]},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:azurite","handbook:azurite"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"lapis_lazuli","name":"Lapis Lazuli","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/lapis_lazuli","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/lapis_lazuli","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Lapis Lazuli","synonyms":["Lazurite rock","Ultramarine stone"],"formula":"(Na,Ca)₈(AlSiO₄)₆(SO₄,S,Cl)₂","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"sodalite_group","nature":"rock"},"crystallography":{"system":"cubic","symmetryClass":"hextetrahedral","habits":["massive","granular"],"cleavage":"poor","fracture":"uneven"},"physical":{"mohs":5.5,"density":2.8,"luster":["vitreous","greasy"],"colors":["blue","dark blue","violet","blue-green"],"streak":"blue","transparency":["opaque"],"fluorescence":{"longwave":"orangy to pinkish spots from calcite"},"solubility":"insoluble"},"geological":{"origins":["metamorphic"],"hostRocks":["marble","limestone"],"associatedMinerals":["calcite","pyrite","diopside","hauyne"],"geography":["Afghanistan (Badakhshan)","Chile (Coquimbo)","Russia (Lake Baikal)","Tajikistan (Pamir)","Myanmar (Mogok)","USA (Colorado)"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"A metamorphic rock rather than a single mineral, made of calcite and pyrite round a deep blue sodalite-group mineral, long called lazurite, which in most specimens analysed is a sulfur-rich haüyne. Worked by people for more than 6,500 years, and ground by Renaissance painters into ultramarine, a costly blue pigment. 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The transparent selenite variety can grow into crystals many metres long, as in a cave complex of the Naica mine in Mexico. Dehydrates to plaster of Paris at 150°C."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:gypsum","handbook:gypsum"],"provisional":{"settle":"The 150°C dehydration to plaster of Paris is not in the Handbook or Mindat; a chemistry reference on the gypsum to bassanite transition would settle it."}},{"kind":"mineral","id":"hematite","name":"Hematite","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/hematite","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/hematite","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Hematite","synonyms":["Specularite (micaceous variety)","Kidney ore (botryoidal variety)","Red ochre (earthy variety)"],"formula":"Fe₂O₃","chemicalClass":"oxide","mineralGroup":"hematite_group","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"trigonal","symmetryClass":"hexagonal scalenohedral","habits":["tabular","massive","botryoidal","earthy"],"twinning":["penetration twins"],"cleavage":"none","fracture":"subconchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":6,"density":5.26,"luster":["metallic","earthy"],"colors":["silver gray","iron-black","red","reddish brown"],"streak":"red to reddish brown","transparency":["opaque"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"geological":{"origins":["sedimentary","hydrothermal","metamorphic"],"hostRocks":["banded iron formations","limestone","granite"],"associatedMinerals":["magnetite","goethite","siderite","ilmenite","rutile"],"geography":["Brazil (Minas Gerais)","Switzerland (Alps)","Italy (Elba)","England (Cumbria)","South Africa","USA"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":false,"flavorText":"Iron oxide responsible for the red colouration of soils and sedimentary rocks worldwide. The primary ore of iron. Its red streak is diagnostic even in dark metallic specimens that show no surface redness."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:hematite","handbook:hematite"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"magnetite","name":"Magnetite","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/magnetite","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/magnetite","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Magnetite","synonyms":["Lodestone (natural magnet form)","Magnetic iron ore"],"formula":"Fe₃O₄","chemicalClass":"oxide","mineralGroup":"spinel_group","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"cubic","symmetryClass":"hexoctahedral","habits":["octahedral","dodecahedral","massive"],"twinning":["spinel law"],"cleavage":"none","fracture":"uneven"},"physical":{"mohs":6,"density":5.18,"luster":["metallic","submetallic"],"colors":["iron-black","gray"],"streak":"black","transparency":["opaque"],"magnetic":true,"solubility":"insoluble"},"geological":{"origins":["igneous","metamorphic","sedimentary"],"hostRocks":["basalt","gabbro","schist"],"associatedMinerals":["ilmenite","hematite","pyrite","chalcopyrite","apatite","quartz"],"geography":["worldwide"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":false,"flavorText":"Iron oxide with strong natural magnetic properties. 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Deposits form in hydrothermal quartz veins or by concentration in alluvial gravels. Malleable enough to be hammered into sheets thinner than a micrometre."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["light","life"],"powerLevel":"moderate","effects":["healing","warding"]},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:gold","handbook:gold"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"silver","name":"Silver","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/silver","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/silver","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Silver","synonyms":["Native silver","Argentum"],"formula":"Ag","chemicalClass":"native_element","mineralGroup":"gold_group","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"cubic","symmetryClass":"hexoctahedral","habits":["massive","dendritic","filiform","cubic"],"cleavage":"none","fracture":"hackly"},"physical":{"mohs":2.5,"density":10.5,"luster":["metallic"],"colors":["silver-white","gray","black"],"streak":"silver-white","transparency":["opaque"],"solubility":"insoluble (soluble in HNO₃)"},"sensory":{"feel":"heavy, very malleable"},"geological":{"origins":["hydrothermal"],"hostRocks":["quartz veins","calcite veins"],"associatedMinerals":["acanthite","chlorargyrite","gold","copper"],"geography":["Norway (Kongsberg)","Germany (Saxony)","Mexico","Canada (Ontario)","Chile","USA (Michigan)","Australia"]},"classification":{"rarity":"rare","gemQuality":false,"flavorText":"Native metal with the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal. Tarnishes rapidly in the presence of sulfur compounds. Found in hydrothermal veins, often in wire or dendritic forms."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["light","shadow"],"powerLevel":"moderate","effects":["warding","necromancy"]},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:silver","handbook:silver","handbook:diamond"],"provisional":{"settle":"The conductivity figures and the solubility in nitric acid are not in the Handbook or Mindat pages read; a physics or chemistry handbook (CRC) would settle them."}},{"kind":"mineral","id":"copper","name":"Copper","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/copper","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/copper","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Copper","synonyms":["Native copper","Cuprum"],"formula":"Cu","chemicalClass":"native_element","mineralGroup":"gold_group","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"cubic","symmetryClass":"hexoctahedral","habits":["massive","dendritic","cubic","octahedral"],"cleavage":"none","fracture":"hackly"},"physical":{"mohs":2.5,"density":8.9,"luster":["metallic"],"colors":["copper-red","pale pink","brown","black","green"],"streak":"copper-red","transparency":["opaque"],"solubility":"insoluble (soluble in HNO₃)"},"sensory":{"odor":"metallic when handled","feel":"heavy, malleable"},"geological":{"origins":["hydrothermal","sedimentary"],"hostRocks":["basalt","sandstone","shale"],"associatedMinerals":["cuprite","malachite","azurite","chalcocite","silver"],"geography":["USA (Michigan, Arizona)","Chile","Namibia","Russia (Urals)","Australia","Bolivia"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":false,"flavorText":"One of the first metals used by humans, occurring in native form in basaltic environments. Develops a characteristic green patina of carbonates and sulfates upon surface oxidation. Malachite and azurite often form beside it in the oxidised zones of copper deposits."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:copper","handbook:copper"],"provisional":{"settle":"'One of the first metals used by humans' is not in the mineralogical sources read; an archaeometallurgy reference would settle it."}},{"kind":"mineral","id":"galena","name":"Galena","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/galena","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/galena","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Galena","synonyms":["Lead glance"],"formula":"PbS","chemicalClass":"sulfide","mineralGroup":"galena_group","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"cubic","symmetryClass":"hexoctahedral","habits":["cubic","octahedral","massive"],"cleavage":"perfect cubic","fracture":"subconchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":2.5,"density":7.6,"luster":["metallic"],"colors":["lead-gray"],"streak":"lead-gray","transparency":["opaque"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"sensory":{"feel":"very heavy"},"geological":{"origins":["hydrothermal"],"hostRocks":["limestone","dolomite","shale"],"associatedMinerals":["sphalerite","pyrite","calcite","barite"],"geography":["worldwide"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":false,"flavorText":"Lead sulfide and the primary ore of lead. Crystallises in perfect cubic forms with characteristic metallic sheen. Its high density and perfect cubic cleavage make it immediately recognisable in hand specimen."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:galena","handbook:galena"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"tourmaline","name":"Tourmaline","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/tourmaline","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/tourmaline","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Tourmaline","synonyms":["Rubellite (red to pink)","Indicolite (blue)","Verdelite (green)","Paraíba tourmaline (copper-bearing, neon blue to green)"],"formula":"XY₃Z₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃V₃W","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"tourmaline_group","nature":"group","members":["elbaite","schorl","dravite"]},"crystallography":{"system":"trigonal","symmetryClass":"ditrigonal pyramidal","habits":["prismatic","columnar"],"cleavage":"poor","fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":7.5,"density":3.1,"luster":["vitreous"],"colors":["black","brown","green","blue","red","pink","yellow","colorless","multicolored"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent","opaque"],"fluorescence":{"shortwave":"mostly inert; some elbaite weak blue","longwave":"mostly inert"},"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"pleochroism":"strong: body color to much lighter shade","specialEffects":["chatoyancy (cat's eye in some)"]},"sensory":{"piezoelectric":true,"pyroelectric":true},"geological":{"origins":["igneous","metamorphic","hydrothermal"],"hostRocks":["granite","pegmatite","schist"],"associatedMinerals":["quartz","feldspar","lepidolite","beryl"],"geography":["Brazil","Afghanistan","Pakistan","Madagascar","USA"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"A complex boron silicate with one of the widest compositional ranges of any mineral. Generates an electrical charge when compressed or heated due to its piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. Bi-coloured crystals are common."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["arcane","storm"],"powerLevel":"moderate","effects":["warding","elemental_lightning"]},"sources":["mindat:tourmaline","ima-list","handbook:elbaite","handbook:schorl","mindat:elbaite","gemdat:tourmaline"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"topaz","name":"Topaz","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/topaz","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/topaz","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Topaz","synonyms":["Imperial topaz (golden-orange)","Blue topaz"],"formula":"Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂","chemicalClass":"silicate","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"orthorhombic","symmetryClass":"rhombic dipyramidal","habits":["prismatic","columnar"],"cleavage":"perfect basal","fracture":"subconchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":8,"density":3.57,"luster":["vitreous"],"colors":["colorless","blue","yellow","pink","orange","brown"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"fluorescence":{"longwave":"blue and colourless stones inert to greenish yellow; golden, brownish and pink stones often orangy yellow"},"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"pleochroism":"weak in blue and colourless stones; distinct in pink and red stones"},"geological":{"origins":["igneous","hydrothermal","metamorphic"],"hostRocks":["pegmatite","granite","rhyolite"],"associatedMinerals":["quartz","beryl","tourmaline","fluorite"],"geography":["Brazil","Pakistan","Russia","USA","Sri Lanka"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"Aluminium silicate fluoride found primarily in granitic pegmatites. Its perfect basal cleavage makes it prone to splitting along flat planes parallel to the base. Imperial topaz, orange to pink or red, is the most prized variety, and red and pink crystals are rare."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:topaz","handbook:topaz","gemdat:topaz"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"beryl","name":"Beryl","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/beryl","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/beryl","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Beryl","synonyms":["Aquamarine (blue)","Heliodor (yellow)","Morganite (pink)","Goshenite (colorless)"],"formula":"Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"beryl_group","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"hexagonal","symmetryClass":"dihexagonal dipyramidal","habits":["prismatic","columnar","tabular"],"cleavage":"imperfect basal","fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":7.5,"density":2.72,"luster":["vitreous"],"colors":["blue","blue-green","yellow","pink","colorless","red"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"fluorescence":null,"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"pleochroism":"weak to distinct: body colour against a paler or bluer shade","specialEffects":["chatoyancy (rare)"]},"geological":{"origins":["igneous","hydrothermal","metamorphic"],"hostRocks":["pegmatite","granite","schist"],"associatedMinerals":["quartz","tourmaline","feldspar","lepidolite"],"geography":["Brazil","Colombia","Madagascar","Pakistan","Russia"]},"classification":{"rarity":"rare","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"A beryllium aluminium silicate, found mostly in granites and granite pegmatites, where single crystals can reach many metres. Pure beryl is colourless; trace elements produce aquamarine, emerald, heliodor, and morganite varieties."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["water","air"],"powerLevel":"moderate","effects":["scrying","mind"]},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:beryl","handbook:beryl","gemdat:beryl"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"opal","name":"Opal","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/opal","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/opal","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Opal","synonyms":["Precious opal (play-of-colour variety)","Fire opal (orange to red variety)","Black opal (dark-bodied precious opal)"],"formula":"SiO₂·nH₂O","chemicalClass":"silicate","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"amorphous","habits":["massive","nodular","botryoidal"],"fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":6,"density":2.1,"luster":["vitreous","waxy","resinous"],"colors":["white","colorless","black","orange","red","yellow","blue","green"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent","opaque"],"fluorescence":{"shortwave":"often green or yellow, from uranyl","longwave":"white and light opals often bluish white, with yellowish green phosphorescence"},"phosphorescence":true,"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"specialEffects":["play of color (iridescence)"]},"geological":{"origins":["sedimentary","volcanic","hydrothermal"],"hostRocks":["sandstone","basalt","volcanic deposits"],"associatedMinerals":["chalcedony","quartz","calcite"],"geography":["Australia","Ethiopia","Mexico","Brazil","USA"]},"classification":{"rarity":"rare","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"Amorphous silica holding a variable amount of water. Its play of colour comes from light diffracted by tiny silica spheres stacked in a regular grid. In Australia it was left by rainwater that carried dissolved silica down into cracks and layers of sedimentary rock; elsewhere it fills cavities in altered volcanic rock."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["arcane","illusion"],"powerLevel":"moderate","effects":["illusion","scrying"]},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:opal","gemdat:opal","gia:opal_description"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"jade","name":"Jade","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/jade","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/jade","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Jade","synonyms":["Yu (Chinese)"],"formula":"NaAlSi₂O₆ (jadeite) / Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂ (nephrite)","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"pyroxene_group","nature":"trade_name","members":["jadeite","nephrite"]},"crystallography":{"system":"monoclinic","symmetryClass":"prismatic","habits":["massive","granular"],"cleavage":"good","fracture":"splintery"},"physical":{"mohs":6.5,"density":3.34,"luster":["waxy","vitreous"],"colors":["green","dark green","white","lavender","yellow","black"],"streak":"white","transparency":["translucent","opaque"],"fluorescence":null,"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"pleochroism":"weak"},"sensory":{"feel":"smooth, cool"},"geological":{"origins":["metamorphic"],"hostRocks":["serpentinite","blueschist"],"associatedMinerals":["albite","omphacite","glaucophane","serpentine"],"geography":["Myanmar","China","Guatemala","Russia","Canada"]},"classification":{"rarity":"rare","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"A name shared by two different tough rocks: jadeite jade, made mostly of the sodium aluminium pyroxene jadeite, and nephrite, a felted mass of tremolite and actinolite amphibole. Jadeite forms under high pressure in subduction zones, while nephrite grows in serpentine rocks. Both owe their toughness to tightly interlocking crystals."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["life","earth"],"powerLevel":"moderate","effects":["healing","warding"]},"sources":["mindat:jade","gia:jade","gia:jade_description","gemdat:jade","handbook:jadeite","mindat:jadeite","gemdat:nephrite","mindat:nephrite"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"labradorite","name":"Labradorite","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/labradorite","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/labradorite","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Labradorite","synonyms":["Spectrolite (Finnish trade name)","Rainbow moonstone (trade name for Madagascar labradorite)"],"formula":"(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"feldspar_group","nature":"variety","varietyOf":"anorthite"},"crystallography":{"system":"triclinic","symmetryClass":"pinacoidal","habits":["tabular","massive"],"twinning":["polysynthetic (albite law)"],"cleavage":"perfect","fracture":"uneven"},"physical":{"mohs":6.5,"density":2.7,"luster":["vitreous","pearly"],"colors":["gray","brown","green","blue","yellow","colorless"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"specialEffects":["labradorescence (iridescent color shift)"]},"geological":{"origins":["igneous","metamorphic"],"hostRocks":["basalt","gabbro","anorthosite"],"associatedMinerals":["pyroxene","olivine","magnetite"],"geography":["Canada (Labrador)","Finland","Madagascar","Norway","USA","Mexico"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"A feldspar that displays labradorescence, an iridescent play of colour caused by light interference between thin alternating layers of different compositions within the crystal. Common in basaltic igneous rocks."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["arcane","illusion"],"powerLevel":"moderate","effects":["illusion","mind"]},"sources":["mindat:labradorite","handbook:labradorite","gemdat:labradorite","gia:moonstone_description"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"moonstone","name":"Moonstone","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/moonstone","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/moonstone","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Moonstone","synonyms":["Adularia","Hecatolite"],"formula":"KAlSi₃O₈","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"feldspar_group","nature":"trade_name","members":["microcline","orthoclase","albite"]},"crystallography":{"system":"monoclinic","symmetryClass":"prismatic","habits":["tabular","massive"],"twinning":["carlsbad","baveno","manebach"],"cleavage":"perfect","fracture":"uneven"},"physical":{"mohs":6,"density":2.56,"luster":["vitreous","pearly"],"colors":["colorless","white","gray","blue","pink"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"fluorescence":{"longwave":"inert to blue, sometimes pinkish"},"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"specialEffects":["adularescence (blue sheen)"]},"geological":{"origins":["igneous"],"hostRocks":["pegmatite","granite"],"associatedMinerals":["quartz","albite","muscovite","biotite"],"geography":["Sri Lanka","Myanmar","Madagascar"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"A feldspar exhibiting adularescence, a floating blue or white sheen caused by light scattering between thin alternating layers of orthoclase and albite. Named for its moonlike glow."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["water","time"],"powerLevel":"moderate","effects":["illusion","scrying"]},"sources":["mindat:moonstone","mindat:microcline","gemdat:moonstone","gia:moonstone","gia:moonstone_description","handbook:orthoclase","handbook:microcline"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"peridot","name":"Peridot","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/peridot","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/peridot","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Peridot","synonyms":["Olivine (mineral)","Chrysolite (archaic)"],"formula":"(Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"olivine_group","nature":"variety","varietyOf":"forsterite"},"crystallography":{"system":"orthorhombic","symmetryClass":"rhombic dipyramidal","habits":["massive","granular","tabular"],"cleavage":"imperfect","fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":6.5,"density":3.32,"luster":["vitreous"],"colors":["green","yellow-green","olive green","brown"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"pleochroism":"weak: pale green to yellow"},"geological":{"origins":["igneous","metamorphic"],"hostRocks":["basalt","dunite","pallasitic meteorites"],"associatedMinerals":["pyroxene","spinel","chromite"],"geography":["Egypt (Zabargad)","Pakistan","Myanmar","USA (Arizona)","China"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"The gem variety of olivine, coloured green by iron. Its colour range is narrow, from brownish green through yellowish green to pure green. Found in basaltic volcanic rocks that brought mantle rock to the surface, and also in some meteorites that have fallen to Earth."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["earth","life"],"powerLevel":"minor","effects":["healing","elemental_earth"]},"sources":["mindat:peridot","handbook:forsterite","gemdat:peridot","gia:peridot_description"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"spinel","name":"Spinel","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/spinel","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/spinel","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Spinel","synonyms":["Balas ruby (archaic red spinel)","Pleonaste (dark variety)"],"formula":"MgAl₂O₄","chemicalClass":"oxide","mineralGroup":"spinel_group","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"cubic","symmetryClass":"hexoctahedral","habits":["octahedral","massive"],"twinning":["spinel law (contact twin)"],"cleavage":"none","fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":8,"density":3.58,"luster":["vitreous"],"colors":["red","pink","blue","purple","black","colorless","orange"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"fluorescence":{"longwave":"pink to red stones inert to red; blue stones greenish","shortwave":"pink to red stones inert to reddish; blue stones inert"},"solubility":"insoluble"},"geological":{"origins":["metamorphic","igneous"],"hostRocks":["marble","schist","basalt","peridotite"],"associatedMinerals":["corundum","forsterite","phlogopite","chondrodite","scapolite"],"geography":["Myanmar","Sri Lanka","Tajikistan","Vietnam","Tanzania"]},"classification":{"rarity":"rare","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"Magnesium aluminium oxide forming octahedral crystals in metamorphic marbles and igneous rocks. Long confused with ruby because of its similar red colour and shared gem gravels: several famous 'rubies', such as the Timur Ruby, are spinels."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","handbook:spinel","mindat:spinel","gemdat:spinel"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"zircon","name":"Zircon","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/zircon","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/zircon","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Zircon","synonyms":["Hyacinth (red-orange variety)","Jargon (yellow-gray variety)"],"formula":"ZrSiO₄","chemicalClass":"silicate","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"tetragonal","symmetryClass":"ditetragonal dipyramidal","habits":["prismatic","pyramidal"],"twinning":["geniculate on {101}"],"cleavage":"poor","fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":7.5,"density":4.7,"luster":["adamantine","vitreous"],"colors":["colorless","red","orange","yellow","brown","blue","green"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"fluorescence":{"shortwave":"often yellow to golden yellow; metamict crystals often inert","longwave":"weak, orange to dark yellow"},"radioactive":true,"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"pleochroism":"weak"},"geological":{"origins":["igneous","metamorphic","sedimentary"],"hostRocks":["granite","gneiss","pegmatite"],"associatedMinerals":["feldspar","quartz","mica","amphibole"],"geography":["Australia","Cambodia","Sri Lanka","Tanzania","Vietnam"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"One of the oldest minerals on Earth: a grain from the Jack Hills of Western Australia is 4.4 billion years old. Contains trace uranium and thorium, allowing precise radiometric dating. Its high refractive index and strong dispersion give faceted stones exceptional brilliance and fire."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["time","arcane"],"powerLevel":"moderate","effects":["time","scrying"]},"sources":["ima-list","handbook:zircon","mindat:zircon","gemdat:zircon","gia:zircon_description","wilde2001"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"amber","name":"Amber","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/amber","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/amber","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Amber","synonyms":["Fossilized resin","Succinite (Baltic amber)","Burmite (Burmese amber)"],"formula":"C₁₀H₁₆O (approximate)","chemicalClass":"organic","nature":"organic"},"crystallography":{"system":"amorphous","habits":["massive","nodular"],"fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":2.5,"density":1.08,"luster":["resinous"],"colors":["yellow","orange","brown","red","black","blue","green","white"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent","opaque"],"fluorescence":{"longwave":"moderate to strong, chalky blue to yellowish green"},"solubility":"insoluble in water"},"sensory":{"odor":"resinous smell when heated or burned","feel":"warm, light"},"geological":{"origins":["sedimentary"],"hostRocks":["marine clay","lignite","sand"],"geography":["Baltic Sea coast","Dominican Republic","Myanmar","Mexico","Italy (Sicily)"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"Fossilised tree resin, not a true mineral. Formed over millions of years through polymerisation and cross-linking of organic compounds. Specimens often preserve insects, pollen, and plant material with exceptional fidelity."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["time","life"],"powerLevel":"moderate","effects":["time","healing"]},"sources":["mindat:amber","gemdat:amber"],"provisional":{"settle":"The approximate formula C10H16O and the host rocks (marine clay, lignite, sand) were not found in Mindat or Gemdat; an amber monograph or the Mindat locality geology would settle them."}},{"kind":"mineral","id":"carnelian","name":"Carnelian","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/carnelian","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/carnelian","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Carnelian","synonyms":["Cornelian","Sard (darker brownish variety)"],"formula":"SiO₂","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"quartz_group","nature":"variety","varietyOf":"chalcedony"},"crystallography":{"system":"trigonal","symmetryClass":"trapezohedral","habits":["massive","nodular"],"fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":7,"density":2.62,"luster":["vitreous","waxy"],"colors":["red","orange-red","reddish brown"],"streak":"white","transparency":["translucent","opaque"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"geological":{"origins":["volcanic","hydrothermal","sedimentary"],"hostRocks":["basalt","alluvial deposits"],"associatedMinerals":["chalcedony","quartz","agate"],"geography":["India","Brazil","Uruguay","Egypt","Madagascar"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"A red-orange variety of chalcedony coloured by fine hydrous iron oxides. Forms in volcanic and sedimentary environments, and dull yellowish stones turn carnelian red when heated. Its even translucency made it a preferred material for carved seals and intaglios."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["mindat:carnelian","mindat:chalcedony","gemdat:carnelian"],"provisional":{"settle":"The localities are now read on Mindat's carnelian list (India: Gujarat; Brazil; Uruguay; Egypt: Aswan; Madagascar). Only the use for seals is still unsourced: Mindat does not cover uses; a gemmological or archaeological reference would settle it."}},{"kind":"mineral","id":"citrine","name":"Citrine","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/citrine","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/citrine","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Citrine","synonyms":["Yellow quartz","Topaz quartz (misnomer)"],"formula":"SiO₂","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"quartz_group","nature":"variety","varietyOf":"quartz"},"crystallography":{"system":"trigonal","symmetryClass":"trapezohedral","habits":["prismatic","massive"],"fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":7,"density":2.65,"luster":["vitreous"],"colors":["yellow","orange-yellow","brownish yellow"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"pleochroism":"weak: yellow to pale yellow"},"sensory":{"piezoelectric":true},"geological":{"origins":["hydrothermal","igneous"],"hostRocks":["granite","pegmatite"],"associatedMinerals":["amethyst","quartz","feldspar"],"geography":["Brazil","Bolivia","Madagascar","Uruguay","Sri Lanka"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"Yellow quartz coloured by iron and by aluminium-related colour centres. Natural citrine is rare; most commercial stones are heated amethyst or smoky quartz, whose colour then comes from tiny iron oxide particles. Forms in granitic pegmatites and hydrothermal quartz veins."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["mindat:citrine","gemdat:citrine","handbook:quartz"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"chalcopyrite","name":"Chalcopyrite","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/chalcopyrite","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/chalcopyrite","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Chalcopyrite","synonyms":["Copper pyrite","Peacock ore (tarnished iridescent variety)"],"formula":"CuFeS₂","chemicalClass":"sulfide","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"tetragonal","symmetryClass":"scalenohedral","habits":["massive","wedge-shaped","botryoidal"],"cleavage":"poor","fracture":"uneven"},"physical":{"mohs":3.5,"density":4.2,"luster":["metallic"],"colors":["brass-yellow","metallic yellow","multicolored"],"streak":"greenish black","transparency":["opaque"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"specialEffects":["iridescent surface tarnish"]},"sensory":{"odor":null},"geological":{"origins":["hydrothermal","igneous"],"hostRocks":["porphyry","gabbro","quartz veins"],"associatedMinerals":["pyrite","sphalerite","galena","quartz"],"geography":["worldwide"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":false,"flavorText":"The chief copper mineral of porphyry copper deposits and a very common copper ore. Its iridescent surface tarnish results from oxidation producing thin interference films. Despite its golden colour it is brittle, far softer than pyrite, and leaves a greenish black streak."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","handbook:chalcopyrite","mindat:chalcopyrite","webmineral:chalcopyrite"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"sulfur","name":"Sulfur","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/sulfur","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/sulfur","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Sulfur","synonyms":["Brimstone","Native sulfur"],"formula":"S","chemicalClass":"native_element","nature":"species","imaName":"Sulphur"},"crystallography":{"system":"orthorhombic","symmetryClass":"rhombic dipyramidal","habits":["pyramidal","tabular","massive","stalactitic"],"cleavage":"poor","fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":2,"density":2.07,"luster":["resinous"],"colors":["yellow","honey yellow","brownish yellow","greenish yellow","orange"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"solubility":"insoluble in water"},"sensory":{"odor":"choking smell of sulfur dioxide when burned"},"geological":{"origins":["volcanic","sedimentary"],"hostRocks":["volcanic deposits","salt dome","evaporite","limestone"],"associatedMinerals":["gypsum","anhydrite","calcite","aragonite","celestine","halite"],"geography":["Italy (Sicily)","USA (Louisiana, Texas, Wyoming)","Spain (Cádiz)","Mexico (Baja California)"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":false,"flavorText":"Native element deposited as a sublimate around volcanic vents and fumaroles. The largest deposits lie in the cap rock of salt domes, where micro-organisms turned sulfate into sulfur. Burns with a blue flame and a choking smell."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:sulfur","handbook:sulphur"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"halite","name":"Halite","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/halite","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/halite","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Halite","synonyms":["Rock salt","Common salt","Table salt"],"formula":"NaCl","chemicalClass":"halide","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"cubic","symmetryClass":"hexoctahedral","habits":["cubic","massive","granular"],"cleavage":"perfect cubic","fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":2.5,"density":2.17,"luster":["vitreous"],"colors":["colorless","white","pink","red","yellow","blue","gray"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"fluorescence":{"shortwave":"rarely red or orange"},"solubility":"highly soluble in water"},"sensory":{"taste":"salty"},"geological":{"origins":["sedimentary"],"hostRocks":["evaporite deposits","salt dome"],"associatedMinerals":["gypsum","anhydrite","sylvite","polyhalite","carnallite","dolomite"],"geography":["worldwide"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":false,"flavorText":"Sodium chloride deposited by evaporation of enclosed seas and saline lakes. Forms thick underground beds kilometres deep in some basins. Flows plastically under pressure, creating salt domes that trap petroleum deposits."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:halite","handbook:halite","britannica:salt_dome"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"talc","name":"Talc","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/talc","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/talc","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Talc","synonyms":["Soapstone (talc-rich rock)","Steatite (massive talc)"],"formula":"Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂","chemicalClass":"silicate","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"monoclinic","symmetryClass":"prismatic","habits":["foliated","massive","granular"],"cleavage":"perfect basal","fracture":"fibrous"},"physical":{"mohs":1,"density":2.75,"luster":["pearly","waxy","dull"],"colors":["white","gray","green","brown"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"sensory":{"feel":"very soapy, greasy"},"geological":{"origins":["metamorphic","hydrothermal"],"hostRocks":["serpentinite","dolomite","schist"],"associatedMinerals":["serpentine","chlorite","calcite","tremolite"],"geography":["France (Trimouns, Luzenac)","Austria (Tyrol)","Switzerland (Valais, Ticino)","Italy","Norway","Russia (Irkutsk)","USA (Vermont, New York)"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":false,"flavorText":"The softest mineral on the Mohs scale. Forms when hot fluids alter serpentinised mafic and ultramafic rocks, and when siliceous dolomites are metamorphosed at low temperature. Its greasy feel results from a layer structure in which sheets slide easily over one another."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:talc","handbook:talc"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"mica","name":"Mica","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/mica","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/mica","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Mica","synonyms":["White mica (muscovite and its kin)","Black mica (biotite)"],"formula":"K(Al,Mg,Fe,Li)₂₋₃(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,F)₂","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"mica_group","nature":"group","members":["muscovite","phlogopite","annite"]},"crystallography":{"system":"monoclinic","symmetryClass":"prismatic","habits":["foliated","tabular","massive"],"cleavage":"perfect basal","fracture":"uneven"},"physical":{"mohs":2.5,"density":2.83,"luster":["pearly","vitreous"],"colors":["colorless","white","gray","brown","green","black"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"pleochroism":"variable by variety","specialEffects":[]},"sensory":{"feel":"smooth, flaky"},"geological":{"origins":["igneous","metamorphic"],"hostRocks":["granite","schist","gneiss","pegmatite"],"associatedMinerals":["quartz","feldspar","tourmaline","garnet"],"geography":["worldwide"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":false,"flavorText":"A group of sheet silicates with perfect basal cleavage yielding flexible, elastic flakes. Forms in granites, pegmatites, and metamorphic schists. Its reflective flakes account for the sparkle in many metamorphic rocks."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["mindat:mica","ima-list","handbook:muscovite","handbook:biotite","handbook:phlogopite","handbook:lepidolite","mindat:muscovite"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"corundum","name":"Corundum","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/corundum","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/corundum","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Corundum","synonyms":["Emery (corundum-rich rock)","Ruby (red gem variety)","Sapphire (other gem colors)"],"formula":"Al₂O₃","chemicalClass":"oxide","mineralGroup":"corundum_group","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"trigonal","symmetryClass":"ditrigonal scalenohedral","habits":["tabular","prismatic","rhombohedral","pyramidal"],"twinning":["polysynthetic"],"cleavage":"none (parting on basal and rhombohedral planes)","fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":9,"density":4.02,"luster":["vitreous","adamantine"],"colors":["gray","brown","red","blue","yellow","colorless"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent","opaque"],"fluorescence":{"shortwave":"variable by variety","longwave":"variable"},"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"pleochroism":"variable by color","specialEffects":["asterism (in star sapphire and ruby)"]},"geological":{"origins":["metamorphic","igneous"],"hostRocks":["marble","schist","gneiss","syenite"],"associatedMinerals":["spinel","rutile","phlogopite","calcite","kyanite","chlorite"],"geography":["worldwide"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"Aluminium oxide, the hardest common mineral after diamond, at 9 on the Mohs scale. Pure corundum is colourless; chromium produces ruby, while iron and titanium together produce blue sapphire. Used industrially as an abrasive."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:corundum","handbook:corundum","mindat:ruby","mindat:sapphire","gia:ruby_description","gia:sapphire_description"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"apatite","name":"Apatite","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/apatite","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/apatite","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Apatite","synonyms":["Moroxite (blue-green variety)","Asparagus stone (yellow-green)"],"formula":"Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH)","chemicalClass":"phosphate","mineralGroup":"apatite_group","nature":"group","members":["fluorapatite","hydroxylapatite","chlorapatite"]},"crystallography":{"system":"hexagonal","symmetryClass":"hexagonal dipyramidal","habits":["prismatic","tabular","massive","nodular"],"cleavage":"poor","fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":5,"density":3.2,"luster":["vitreous","resinous"],"colors":["green","blue-green","yellow","colorless","pink","brown","purple"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent","opaque"],"fluorescence":{"shortwave":"variable: often yellow or bluish white, some stones inert","longwave":"variable: often yellow or bluish white, some stones inert"},"solubility":"slightly soluble in acids"},"optical":{"pleochroism":"weak to strong; strong in blue stones","specialEffects":["chatoyancy (rare cat's eye)"]},"geological":{"origins":["igneous","metamorphic","sedimentary"],"hostRocks":["granite","pegmatite","marble","phosphorite"],"associatedMinerals":["calcite","diopside","phlogopite","magnetite","scapolite"],"geography":["Mexico","Brazil","USA","Russia","Germany"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"A phosphate mineral group whose carbonated hydroxylapatite makes up the mineral of tooth enamel and bone. The most common phosphate of rocks, present in small amounts in most igneous rocks. Most of the phosphate rock mined, and so most phosphate fertiliser, comes from apatite."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["mindat:apatite","ima-list","mindat:fluorapatite","handbook:fluorapatite","gemdat:apatite","earthmag:phosphate","wopenka2005"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"rhodonite","name":"Rhodonite","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/rhodonite","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/rhodonite","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Rhodonite","formula":"CaMn₄Si₅O₁₅","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"pyroxenoid_group","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"triclinic","symmetryClass":"pinacoidal","habits":["massive","tabular","granular"],"cleavage":"perfect prismatic","fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":6,"density":3.57,"luster":["vitreous"],"colors":["pink","red","reddish brown","gray"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent","opaque"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"pleochroism":"weak: yellowish red to pinkish red"},"geological":{"origins":["metamorphic","hydrothermal","sedimentary"],"hostRocks":["marble","schist","manganese deposits"],"associatedMinerals":["calcite","tephroite","magnetite","willemite"],"geography":["Russia","USA","Sweden","Australia","Peru"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"A manganese and calcium silicate of manganese deposits, formed by hydrothermal fluids, by contact or regional metamorphism, or in sediments. Rose-pink to red, and commonly veined or crusted with black manganese oxides. Transparent gem crystals come from Broken Hill in Australia and Minas Gerais in Brazil."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:rhodonite","handbook:rhodonite"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"chrysocolla","name":"Chrysocolla","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/chrysocolla","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/chrysocolla","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Chrysocolla","synonyms":[],"formula":"(Cu,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O","chemicalClass":"silicate","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"orthorhombic","habits":["massive","botryoidal","earthy"],"fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":3,"density":2.2,"luster":["waxy","earthy"],"colors":["blue-green","green","sky blue","blue"],"streak":"white","transparency":["opaque","translucent"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"geological":{"origins":["sedimentary","hydrothermal"],"hostRocks":["copper deposits (oxidized zones)"],"associatedMinerals":["malachite","tenorite","chalcedony","halloysite"],"geography":["USA (Arizona)","Chile","Peru","Israel","DR Congo"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"A hydrated copper silicate forming in the oxidised zones of copper deposits, often as crusts over earlier secondary minerals. Its distinctive blue-green colour results from copper content. Often intergrown with malachite and chalcedony."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:chrysocolla","handbook:chrysocolla","gemdat:chrysocolla"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"selenite","name":"Selenite","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/selenite","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/selenite","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Selenite","synonyms":[],"formula":"CaSO₄·2H₂O","chemicalClass":"sulfate","nature":"variety","varietyOf":"gypsum"},"crystallography":{"system":"monoclinic","symmetryClass":"prismatic","habits":["tabular","prismatic"],"twinning":["swallow-tail"],"cleavage":"perfect","fracture":"splintery"},"physical":{"mohs":2,"density":2.32,"luster":["vitreous","pearly"],"colors":["colorless","white","gray"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"fluorescence":{"shortwave":"variable: bluish white or yellow, often in hourglass-shaped zones","longwave":"variable: bluish white or yellow, often in hourglass-shaped zones"},"phosphorescence":null,"solubility":"slightly soluble in water"},"sensory":{"taste":null,"feel":"smooth, slightly warm"},"geological":{"origins":["sedimentary"],"hostRocks":["evaporite deposits","limestone","cave deposits"],"associatedMinerals":["halite","calcite","anhydrite"],"geography":["Mexico (Chihuahua)","USA (Utah, Oklahoma)","Italy (Sicily)","Spain (Zaragoza)","Poland","Chile"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":false,"flavorText":"The transparent crystalline variety of gypsum. Forms in evaporite sequences and in cave environments where calcium sulfate solutions precipitate slowly. Can grow into metre-scale crystals in stable underground conditions."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["light","arcane"],"powerLevel":"minor","effects":["warding","scrying"]},"sources":["mindat:selenite","mindat:gypsum","handbook:gypsum"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"sodalite","name":"Sodalite","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/sodalite","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/sodalite","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Sodalite","synonyms":[],"formula":"Na₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)Cl₂","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"sodalite_group","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"cubic","symmetryClass":"hextetrahedral","habits":["massive","dodecahedral","granular"],"cleavage":"poor dodecahedral","fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":5.5,"density":2.3,"luster":["vitreous","waxy"],"colors":["blue","dark blue","gray-blue","white"],"streak":"white","transparency":["translucent","opaque"],"fluorescence":{"shortwave":"strong orange","longwave":"orange"},"phosphorescence":true,"solubility":"insoluble"},"geological":{"origins":["igneous","metamorphic"],"hostRocks":["nepheline syenite","phonolite","marble"],"associatedMinerals":["nepheline","cancrinite","feldspar"],"geography":["Canada (Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia)","Greenland","Bolivia (Cochabamba)","Russia (Kola Peninsula)","Norway","USA (Maine, Arkansas)"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"A sodium aluminium silicate chloride found in silica-undersaturated igneous rocks such as nepheline syenites and phonolites. Its blue comes from defects in the crystal lattice, not from iron, and a freshly broken piece may smell of hydrogen sulfide. Displays strong red-orange fluorescence under ultraviolet light."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:sodalite","handbook:sodalite","gemdat:sodalite"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"sphalerite","name":"Sphalerite","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/sphalerite","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/sphalerite","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Sphalerite","synonyms":["Zinc blende","Black jack (dark variety)"],"formula":"(Zn,Fe)S","chemicalClass":"sulfide","mineralGroup":"sphalerite_group","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"cubic","symmetryClass":"hextetrahedral","habits":["massive","granular","dodecahedral"],"twinning":["lamellar"],"cleavage":"perfect dodecahedral","fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":3.5,"density":4.1,"luster":["resinous","adamantine"],"colors":["brown","black","yellow","red","orange","colorless"],"streak":"pale yellow to brown","transparency":["transparent","translucent","opaque"],"fluorescence":{"shortwave":"weaker or none","longwave":"inert in most; light-coloured crystals may glow orange to orangy red or blue"},"phosphorescence":null,"solubility":"insoluble"},"sensory":{"odor":null},"geological":{"origins":["hydrothermal","sedimentary"],"hostRocks":["limestone","dolomite","shale"],"associatedMinerals":["galena","pyrite","chalcopyrite","marcasite","barite","fluorite"],"geography":["worldwide"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":false,"flavorText":"Zinc sulfide and the primary ore of zinc. Its name derives from the Greek for treacherous, because miners took it for galena and it yielded no lead. Clear crystals have a dispersion about three times that of diamond, and a fire to match."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:sphalerite","handbook:sphalerite","gemdat:sphalerite"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"kyanite","name":"Kyanite","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/kyanite","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/kyanite","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Kyanite","synonyms":["Cyanite","Disthene"],"formula":"Al₂SiO₅","chemicalClass":"silicate","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"triclinic","symmetryClass":"pinacoidal","habits":["bladed","tabular"],"twinning":["polysynthetic"],"cleavage":"perfect","fracture":"splintery"},"physical":{"mohs":5.5,"density":3.67,"luster":["vitreous","pearly"],"colors":["blue","pale blue","white","gray","green","black"],"streak":"white","transparency":["transparent","translucent"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"pleochroism":"weak; in thick crystals colorless to violet-blue to cobalt blue"},"geological":{"origins":["metamorphic"],"hostRocks":["schist","gneiss","pegmatite","quartz vein"],"associatedMinerals":["quartz","staurolite","garnet","mica"],"geography":["Brazil (Minas Gerais)","USA","Kenya","Austria (Tyrol)","Switzerland (Ticino)","Russia (Ural Mountains)"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"Aluminium silicate formed by regional metamorphism at moderately high pressure. Unusual in having two different hardnesses: 5.5 along the crystal length and 7 across it. Used as an indicator mineral to estimate the pressure of metamorphism."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:kyanite","handbook:kyanite"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"staurolite","name":"Staurolite","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/staurolite","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/staurolite","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Staurolite","synonyms":["Fairy cross (cross-shaped twins)","Fairy stone"],"formula":"Fe₂²⁺Al₉O₆(SiO₄)₄(O,OH)₂","chemicalClass":"silicate","nature":"species"},"crystallography":{"system":"monoclinic","symmetryClass":"prismatic","habits":["prismatic"],"twinning":["cruciform (90° cross)","oblique (60° cross)"],"cleavage":"distinct on {010}","fracture":"subconchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":7,"density":3.74,"luster":["vitreous","resinous"],"colors":["reddish brown","dark brown","brownish black"],"streak":"white to gray","transparency":["opaque","translucent"],"solubility":"insoluble"},"optical":{"pleochroism":"visible: colourless to pale yellow to golden yellow"},"geological":{"origins":["metamorphic"],"hostRocks":["schist","gneiss"],"associatedMinerals":["kyanite","garnet","mica","quartz"],"geography":["USA","Russia","France","Switzerland","Brazil"]},"classification":{"rarity":"uncommon","gemQuality":false,"flavorText":"Forms penetration twins in characteristic cross shapes at about 60 or 90 degrees, the 60 degree ones being the commoner. Found in medium-grade metamorphic schists alongside garnet and kyanite. Used as an indicator of moderate metamorphic pressure and temperature."},"magic":{"enabled":true,"affinity":["earth","light"],"powerLevel":"minor","effects":["warding"]},"sources":["ima-list","mindat:staurolite","handbook:staurolite"]},{"kind":"mineral","id":"chalcedony","name":"Chalcedony","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/crystal/chalcedony","embed_url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/apps/embed/mineral/chalcedony","type":"real","identity":{"names":"Chalcedony","synonyms":["Agate (banded)","Jasper (opaque)","Onyx (layered black-white)","Chrysoprase (green)"],"formula":"SiO₂","chemicalClass":"silicate","mineralGroup":"quartz_group","nature":"variety","varietyOf":"quartz"},"crystallography":{"system":"trigonal","symmetryClass":"trapezohedral","habits":["massive","botryoidal","stalactitic","nodular"],"fracture":"conchoidal"},"physical":{"mohs":6.5,"density":2.6,"luster":["waxy","dull"],"colors":["white","gray","blue","red","brown","green","yellow","multicolored"],"streak":"white","transparency":["translucent","opaque"],"fluorescence":{"shortwave":"pure material inert; green in many specimens"},"solubility":"insoluble"},"geological":{"origins":["hydrothermal","sedimentary","volcanic"],"hostRocks":["basalt","limestone","rhyolite"],"associatedMinerals":["quartz","opal","calcite"],"geography":["worldwide"]},"classification":{"rarity":"common","gemQuality":true,"flavorText":"A cryptocrystalline variety of silica with fibrous internal structure invisible to the naked eye. Encompasses agate, jasper, onyx, and chrysoprase. Forms in vesicles of volcanic rocks and in low-temperature hydrothermal environments."},"magic":{"enabled":false},"sources":["mindat:chalcedony","gemdat:chalcedony"]}],"meta":{"version":"v1","lang":"en","total":257,"limit":50,"offset":0,"license":{"name":"MGS Toolbox open data terms","url":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/api/v1/docs#terms","attribution":"Data © Michael Ghelfi Studios — https://michaelghelfistudios.com"}},"links":{"self":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/api/v1/minerals","docs":"https://michaelghelfistudios.com/api/v1/docs"}}